Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Withdraws the United States from International Organizations that Are Contrary to the Interests of the United States
Jan 7, 2026
List of 66 International Organizations | Trump Goes To Davos 2026 | 2025 National Security Strategy
WITHDRAWING FROM INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS:
Today, President Donald J. Trump signed a Presidential Memorandum directing the withdrawal of the United States from 66 international organizations that no longer serve American interests.
- The Memorandum orders all Executive Departments and Agencies to cease participating in and funding 35 non-United Nations (UN) organizations and 31 UN entities that operate contrary to U.S. national interests, security, economic prosperity, or sovereignty.
- This follows a review ordered earlier this year of all international intergovernmental organizations, conventions, and treaties that the United States is a member of or party to, or that the United States funds or supports.
- These withdrawals will end American taxpayer funding and involvement in entities that advance globalist agendas over U.S. priorities, or that address important issues inefficiently or ineffectively such that U.S. taxpayer dollars are best allocated in other ways to support the relevant missions.
RESTORING AMERICAN SOVEREIGNTY:
President Trump is ending U.S. participation in international organizations that undermine America’s independence and waste taxpayer dollars on ineffective or hostile agendas.
- Many of these bodies promote radical climate policies, global governance, and ideological programs that conflict with U.S. sovereignty and economic strength.
- American taxpayers have spent billions on these organizations with little return, while they often criticize U.S. policies, advance agendas contrary to our values, or waste taxpayer dollars by purporting to address important issues but not achieving any real results.
- By exiting these entities, President Trump is saving taxpayer money and refocusing resources on America First priorities.
PUTTING AMERICA FIRST ON THE GLOBAL STAGE:
President Trump has consistently fought to protect U.S. sovereignty and ensure international engagements serve American interests.
- Immediately upon returning to office, President Trump initiated the withdrawal of the United States from the World Health Organization and the Paris Climate Agreement.
- On Day One of his Administration, (January 20/21, 2025), President Trump also signed a Presidential Memorandum to notify the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development that its Global Tax Deal has no force or effect in the United States, and direct an investigation into whether foreign countries have tax rules in place that are extraterritorial or disproportionately affect American companies. [that its Global Tax Deal has no force or effect in the United States (not a full membership withdrawal, but rejection of a major initiative)]
- Just weeks later, President Trump signed an Executive Order withdrawing the United States from the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) and prohibiting any future funding for the UN Relief and Works Agency for the Near East (UNRWA).
- He has prioritized American interests by redirecting focus and resources toward domestic priorities such as infrastructure, military readiness, and border security, and acting swiftly to protect American companies from foreign interference.
Prior “America First” Withdrawals
Immediate Actions Taken in 2025 to End Funding and Participation in Globalist Agendas:
World Health Organization (WHO)
Initiated withdrawal immediately upon returning to office in January 2025; effective January 22, 2026 (one-year notice period). Official White House announcement:
https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/withdrawing-the-united-states-from-the-worldhealth-organization/
Paris Climate Agreement (Paris Agreement)
Withdrawal announced and initiated shortly after inauguration in January 2025; effective January 27, 2026 (second time, following first-term withdrawal reversed by Biden). (hosted under UNFCCC). Official White House announcement:
https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/putting-america-first-in-international-environmental-agreements/
United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC)
Withdrawal via Executive Order signed just weeks after inauguration in early 2025; ended U.S. participation and engagement.
Official White House announcement (bundled with UNRWA): https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/02/withdrawing-the-united-states-from-and-ending-funding-to-certain-united-nations-organizations-and-reviewing-united-states-support-to-all-international-organizations/
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)
Prohibited any future U.S. funding via the same early 2025 Executive Order; continued/extended a prior funding halt.
Official White House announcement (bundled with UNHRC): https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/02/withdrawing-the-united-states-from-and-ending-funding-to-certain-united-nations-organizations-and-reviewing-united-states-support-to-all-international-organizations/
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Quit/reinstated withdrawal (quit during first term, reversed by Biden, then quit again in second term per multiple reports).
Official White House announcement (referenced in the review/funding section): https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/02/withdrawing-the-united-states-from-and-ending-funding-to-certain-united-nations-organizations-and-reviewing-united-states-support-to-all-international-organizations/
35 Non-United Nations (UN) Organizations
24/7 Carbon-Free Energy Compact
https://www.carbonfreeenergy.org
Colombo Plan Council
https://www.colombo-plan.org
Commission for Environmental Cooperation
https://www.cec.org
Education Cannot Wait
https://www.educationcannotwait.org
European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats
https://www.hybridcoe.fi
Forum of European National Highway Research Laboratories
https://www.fehrl.org
Freedom Online Coalition
https://freedomonlinecoalition.com
Global Community Engagement and Resilience Fund
https://www.gcerf.org
Global Counterterrorism Forum
https://www.thegctf.org
Global Forum on Cyber Expertise
https://thegfce.org
Global Forum on Migration and Development
https://www.gfmd.org
Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research
https://www.iaigcr.org (or https://www.iaigc.org)
Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals, and Sustainable Development
https://www.igfmining.org
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
https://www.ipcc.ch
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)
https://www.ipbes.net
International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM)
https://www.iccrom.org
International Cotton Advisory Committee
https://www.icac.org
International Development Law Organization
https://www.idlo.int
International Energy Forum
https://www.ief.org
International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies
https://ifacca.org
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA)
https://www.idea.int
International Institute for Justice and the Rule of Law
https://www.theiij.org
International Lead and Zinc Study Group
https://www.ilzsg.org
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
https://www.irena.org
International Solar Alliance
https://isolaralliance.org
International Tropical Timber Organization
https://www.itto.int
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
https://www.iucn.org
Pan American Institute of Geography and History
https://www.ipgh.org
Partnership for Atlantic Cooperation
https://www.atlanticcouncil.org (related initiative; primary site often hosted via partners)
Regional Cooperation Agreement on Combatting Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia (ReCAAP)
https://www.recaap.org
Regional Cooperation Council
https://www.rcc.int
Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21)
https://www.ren21.net
Science and Technology Center in Ukraine
https://www.stcu.int
Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)
https://www.sprep.org
Venice Commission of the Council of Europe
https://www.venice.coe.int
United Nations Organizations/Entities (31)
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
https://www.un.org/development/desa
UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) — Economic Commission for Africa
https://www.uneca.org
ECOSOC — Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
https://www.cepal.org
ECOSOC — Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
https://www.unescap.org
ECOSOC — Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
https://www.unescwa.org
International Law Commission
https://legal.un.org/ilc
International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals
https://www.irmct.org
International Trade Centre
https://www.intracen.org
Office of the Special Adviser on Africa
https://www.un.org/osaa
Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children in Armed Conflict
https://childrenandarmedconflict.un.org
Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict
https://www.un.org/sexualviolenceinconflict
Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children
https://violenceagainstchildren.un.org
Peacebuilding Commission
https://www.un.org/peacebuilding
Peacebuilding Fund
https://mptf.undp.org/fund/pb000
Permanent Forum on People of African Descent
https://www.ohchr.org/en/permanent-forum-people-african-descent
UN Alliance of Civilizations
https://www.unaoc.org
UN Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD)
https://www.un-redd.org
UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
https://unctad.org
UN Democracy Fund
https://www.un.org/democracyfund
UN Energy
https://www.un-energy.org
UN Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women)
https://www.unwomen.org
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
https://unfccc.int
UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)
https://unhabitat.org
UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)
https://unitar.org
UN Oceans
https://www.unoceans.org
UN Population Fund (UNFPA)
https://www.unfpa.org
UN Register of Conventional Arms
https://www.un.org/disarmament/convarms/register
UN System Chief Executives Board for Coordination
https://unsceb.org
UN System Staff College
https://www.unssc.org
UN Water
https://www.unwater.org
UN University
https://unu.edu
Withdrawal from Wasteful, Ineffective, or Harmful International Organizations
Press Statement Marco Rubio, Secretary of State January 7, 2026
Today, in furtherance of Executive Order 14199, President Trump announced the withdrawal of the United States from 66 international organizations identified as part of the Trump Administration’s review of wasteful, ineffective, and harmful international organizations. Review of additional international organizations pursuant to Executive Order 14199 remains ongoing.
The Trump Administration has found these institutions to be redundant in their scope, mismanaged, unnecessary, wasteful, poorly run, captured by the interests of actors advancing their own agendas contrary to our own, or a threat to our nation’s sovereignty, freedoms, and general prosperity. President Trump is clear: It is no longer acceptable to be sending these institutions the blood, sweat, and treasure of the American people, with little to nothing to show for it. The days of billions of dollars in taxpayer money flowing to foreign interests at the expense of our people are over.
As such, the United States will be withdrawing from the 66 organizations that can be found here.
As this list begins to demonstrate, what started as a pragmatic framework of international organizations for peace and cooperation has morphed into a sprawling architecture of global governance, often dominated by progressive ideology and detached from national interests. From DEI mandates to “gender equity” campaigns to climate orthodoxy, many international organizations now serve a globalist project rooted in the discredited fantasy of the “End of History.” These organizations actively seek to constrain American sovereignty. Their work is advanced by the same elite networks—the multilateral “NGO-plex”— that we have begun dismantling through the closure of USAID.
We will not continue expending resources, diplomatic capital, and the legitimizing weight of our participation in institutions that are irrelevant to or in conflict with our interests. We reject inertia and ideology in favor of prudence and purpose. We seek cooperation where it serves our people and will stand firm where it does not.
Overall Combined Impact (Prior-withdrawals + 66)
Administration claims suggest billions annually in total redirected funds (e.g., “billions… with little return”), but independent analyses point to $1–3 billion/year at the high end when including all cuts/withdrawals, with much of that from the big prior ones rather than the newer 66.
More Research:
Congressional Research Service on U.S. UN funding (historical context, ~$3B total annual pre-cuts):
https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IF10354
UN budget explanations (assessed shares and totals):
https://betterworldcampaign.org/2025-un-explained-budget
Microsoft and McKinsey Pay Up to $1 Million Each to Back Donald Trump’s Davos Hub
Microsoft and McKinsey are among the US companies paying up to $1 million (CHF790,000) each to sponsor a Davos venue that will serve as a base for US government officials during President Donald Trump’s trip to the World Economic Forum (WEF) later this month.
January 6, 2026 – Ortenca Aliaj in London, Stephen Morris in San Francisco and Mercedes Ruehl in Sydney, Financial Times
Paying to back the venue, housed in a small church in the Swiss ski resort, would give big companies the opportunity to “support the US delegation in Davos” and get their brand in front of “global decision makers”, according to a website set up for the so-called USA House.
Microsoft, McKinsey and cryptocurrency firm Ripple are among the companies that have signed up as sponsors, ahead of Trump’s first in-person appearance at Davos in six years. JPMorgan Chase has also been approached to act as a sponsor.
The forum, which has happened in Davos since 1971, has long run alongside an informal “house” system whereby countries and corporations independently hire out local shops and hotels to convert into venues where they can host events and network.
Switzerland, Saudi Arabia and Belgium are among the countries that have operated these hubs in recent years.
The USA House effort is being led by Richard Stromback, a former ice hockey player turned investor who has been a well-known figure in Davos for more than a decade.
Stromback is known for organising parties at the event and once told the New Yorker magazine he wanted to create a “Burning Man for billionaires”, referring to the popular week-long festival in the Nevada desert.
USA House’s events will mostly be held in a small church founded in the 1880s that sits just outside the famous promenade – and outside the forum’s security perimeter. The English Church will be draped in memorabilia celebrating the 250th anniversary of the 1776 Declaration of Independence from Great Britain.
With two weeks to go until global leaders and senior executives convene in the Swiss alps, there is little detail on the USA House website about programming except for a list of themes that includes “peace through strength”, “digital assets & economic resilience” and “faith-based initiatives”.
Those wishing to attend have been told that there will be strict security protocols because of the presence of senior US administration officials. But the website also states that USA House is “privately organised” and “does not represent the US government”.
Trump is gearing up for his return to the global forum, where the theme this year is “a spirit of dialogue”, with his intervention in Venezuela and the impact on oil likely to be a key talking point among attendees. His last appearance was a virtual address days after his inauguration last January, in which the president blasted the Paris climate accord and promised to “unlock the liquid gold” of fossil fuels.
The White House did not immediately respond to a request for comment. Microsoft, McKinsey, Ripple and JPMorgan declined to comment.
Davos Assured Trump ‘Woke’ Topics Were Off The Agenda
Donald Trump agreed to attend the World Economic Forum (WEF) meeting in Davos in January after organisers gave assurances that overtly “woke” topics would not feature prominently at the annual Alpine gathering, according to people familiar with the talks.
November 21, 2025 – Mercedes Ruehl in Zurich, Henry Foy in Johannesburg and James Politi in Washington, Financial Times
At a meeting in the autumn, Trump administration officials asked WEF officials to scrub or pare back unwanted agenda themes as a condition of the US president’s participation, multiple people familiar with the negotiations told the Financial Times.
Washington announced last week Trump would return to the Swiss event in person for the first time in six years. His last appearance was a virtual address days after his inauguration in January, when he called on the gathered business elite to make their products in the US or face tariffs.
Senior US officials asked Davos management to tone down or avoid discussions on areas including female empowerment and diversity, the green transition, climate change and international development finance as a condition of his participation, two of the people said.
“The US side wanted to make sure Trump’s appearance at the elite, progressive event would still play well with his Maga base,” one of the people said.
One of the people said the WEF, which had already become more pragmatic about the global geopolitical backdrop, was able to offer such “reassurances” to Trump administration officials.
The Trump administration’s pressure on WEF regarding these issues echoed demands made in other multilateral forums as the price for continued US participation, a third person said.
US withdrawals and suspended aid
Under Trump the US has withdrawn from the Paris Climate Agreement and suspended large swaths of American foreign aid — including programmes linked to climate change mitigation, women’s and girls’ health and rights, and global development. He has also ordered an end to federal government diversity efforts.
“As President Trump remarked at the UN, the world would benefit from adopting America’s focus on economic security, secure borders, and peace through strength over woke ideology,” a White House spokesperson said in response to questions regarding negotiations with the WEF.
The WEF said: “no government influences our editorial independence or the agenda of our meetings”, adding: “We select meeting themes and topics based on global relevance.”
Another person familiar with the discussions described the talks as “routine” for officials representing the heads of state attending the invitation-only event.
“The WEF would never agree to any requests to shape or change the agenda, however it is normal that topics and discussions for stakeholders attending the summit would come up at such a meeting,” the person said.
‘A Spirit of Dialogue’
The 2026 Davos meeting’s theme is “A Spirit of Dialogue”. Discussions will be centred around five global challenges: co-operation in a contested world, unlocking new sources of growth, investing in people, deploying innovation responsibly and building prosperity “within planetary boundaries”.
In previous years the forum has leaned more heavily into climate and social-agenda themes. In 2019 student activist Greta Thunberg delivered a speech warning that “our house is on fire” and urged leaders to act on the climate crisis.
In 2020 the forum launched the “Great Reset” of capitalism, a post-pandemic initiative promoting sustainability, inclusion and systemic change. The recovery plan inspired false rumours about the creation of a globalist, elite plot to dismantle capitalism.
WEF reported revenues of SFr469mn ($585mn) for the year ending June 2025. It has diversified global sponsorship including some big US companies.
WEF tries to steady after turmoil
The WEF has been embroiled in turmoil for nearly 18 months, triggered by whistleblower allegations that prompted two formal investigations into the organisation’s governance and the conduct of its founder, Klaus Schwab.
Schwab stepped down after more than five decades at the helm earlier this year. The probes — which found no material wrongdoing but cited minor irregularities — have continued to overshadow the institution.
The WEF is now attempting to steady itself with new interim leadership. In August it named BlackRock boss Larry Fink and Roche vice-chair André Hoffmann as its new co-chairs and pledged tighter oversight.
The forum said in October that registration for the event had already reached a record high. It expects to have more than 60 heads of state and government attend in January, as well as 300 government leaders and 1,600 representatives of businesses and NGOs.
Shared from https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/foreign-affairs/davos-assured-trump-woke-topics-were-off-the-agenda/90414204
The Saturday Wrap-Up – Trump vs. Davos: Delivering the Terms of Surrender – January 10, 2026
OPINION
In under two weeks, Trump brings his economic team to Davos to confront the architecture of global governance. The administration has already withdrawn from 66 international bodies—and Treasury is following the money behind domestic unrest.
In this episode, Susan Kokinda questions if Davos is ready for Donald Trump as he plans to bring his economic team to the World Economic Forum in Switzerland. Emphasizing Trump’s battle against globalism, she highlights his withdrawal from 66 international organizations and his team’s strategic objectives to challenge the established globalist order. The video also delves into the historical context of Davos, the financial networks tied to globalist elites, and how the Trump administration’s actions aim to dismantle these structures. Plus, find out about the Trump administration’s crackdown on domestic fraud and enforcement activities.
https://www.prometheanaction.com
Stephen Gardner and Susan Kokinda discuss the new Republican Party Trump is building to fight Democrats and the Global Elites and the Bankers in London which seek to control us. The UK Empire is crumbling as Trump weakens their grip on America and American industry. No more outsourcing jobs and medicine. America First is the way.
President Trump is pulling off miracles with his new doctrine to strengthen America and up end old systems that are holding our country back. His methods are counter culture and constantly under criticism yet in many ways the United States is freer and most prosperous than it was a year ago when Trump took over. I want to go through with my special guest Susan Kokindo what We believe Trump is doing to change the global order.
Susan Kokinda – She and her team run the Youtube channel and News letter Promethean Action. She is a long time veteran political activist that shows people how the different world governments, especially the British Empire try to control America and undermine President Donald Trump.
Some people worry President Trump is turning into a George W. Bush 2.0 neo‑con, but that’s not how it looks to me. He used lethal force in Iran and then got out, and he used lethal force in Venezuela and then got out, which doesn’t match a leader trying to start World War III. America’s enemies — and even many Americans — seem stunned by what was accomplished in Venezuela. In your view, what signals did President Trump just send to the world, and which specific governments do you think received that message loud and clear?
Many of Trump’s most loyal supporters now believe he is controlled by Israel and acting as a lapdog for Benjamin Netanyahu. I’m not blind to the fact that Israel, like many countries, works hard to influence U.S. politics, and I also know President Trump has clashed with Israel while trying to wind down the Gaza war. But from my own reporting, I see the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Zelensky repeatedly undermining the United States after we spend hundreds of billions of dollars and countless hours on diplomacy, only for them to stab Trump in the back and keep pushing for war with Putin. How do you see this dynamic, and do you think the “Trump is controlled by Israel” narrative misses the much bigger picture of Europe and Ukraine pulling America into endless conflict?
In your estimation, how important was it for Trump to cut off US AID money laundering as well as announce in his in his United Nations speech that he was on to the fact that the UN was trying to invade and destroy America through flooding us with Third World citizens?
Why does Europe and the United Kingdom try so hard to control the United States?
How is what Trump did in Venezuela different than what Obama did to destabilize and do regime change in Ukraine?
Most Americans don’t really know how mainstream media operates outside the United States, even though Trump has opened a lot of eyes to how corrupt our own media can be. Do you think the BBC in the United Kingdom was deliberately pushing fake narratives about Trump’s role in January 6 — including claims that he ordered people to march down and attack the Capitol by deceptively editing his words? And if so, was that part of a broader effort by the U.K. establishment to undermine him and make sure he could never return to power in a second term?
Why do you think members of NATO continue to push for war wiht Russia while consistently undermining Trump’s peace efforts?
Does Venezuela have to do fully with drugs and oil or is any of this President Trump exposing the global banking which has been allowing narco terrorist to hide and move money through the banking systems?
Trump went on an incredible foreign tour earlier this year. Some critics said he was focusing too much on foreign policy instead of domestic issues, but the way it looked to me, what he did overseas was actually a massive domestic policy game changer. He skipped England and most of Europe, and instead went to the Middle East and Asia, including Japan, and secured reported commitments of up to $18 trillion to flow back into America to create jobs. That is the opposite of what we’ve seen for 30 years, where the global system takes more out of America than it puts back in. Do you see this as Trump reversing that flow and blocking the globalists by forcing capital and investment back into the United States, and how significant is that shift in your view?
Stephen Gardner, “with my news channel I discuss on what’s really going on in Washington DC, with President Trump, the US economy, & more.” https://x.com/StephenGardnerX
Rumble Videos: https://rumble.com/c/StephenGardner/videos
US 2025 National Security Strategy
The 2025 National Security Strategy (NSS) of the United States was released by the White House on December 4, 2025 (dated November 2025 in the document itself). This is the official strategic document outlining the Trump administration’s foreign policy vision, priorities, and approach to national security during his second term. It emphasizes an “America First” doctrine, “peace through strength,” a narrower definition of U.S. interests, burden-shifting to allies, economic nationalism, a “Trump Corollary” to the Monroe Doctrine (focusing on U.S. dominance in the Western Hemisphere to counter migration, drugs, and foreign influence), competition with China (primarily economic), criticism of Europe for decline and insufficient defense spending, and reduced emphasis on global democracy promotion or certain regions like the Middle East/Africa.
From President Trump in the NSS
“After four years of weakness, extremism, and deadly failures, my administration has moved with urgency and historic speed to restore American strength at home and abroad, and bring peace and stability to our world.
No administration in history has achieved so dramatic a turnaround in so short a time.”
This 29-page document is the primary source. It includes sections on:
- How past U.S. strategy “went astray” post-Cold War.
- Core U.S. interests (sovereignty, prosperity, security).
- Means (military readjustment, economic tools like tariffs, private sector partnerships).
- Regional priorities (heavy focus on the Western Hemisphere, Asia-Pacific/China, Europe as needing to step up, etc.).
Describe it as a sharp shift toward geopolitical realism, transactional diplomacy, and reduced global commitments compared to prior administrations (including Trump’s first 2017 NSS). For example:
- It highlights Trump’s role in securing peace deals and ending conflicts.
- Calls for readjusting U.S. military presence toward the Americas.
- Frames alliances as conditional on burden-sharing.
2025 National Security Strategy
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
The Monroe Doctrine was expressed during President Monroe’s seventh annual message to Congress, December 2, 1823:
. . . At the proposal of the Russian Imperial Government, made through the minister of the Emperor residing here, a full power and instructions have been transmitted to the minister of the United States at St. Petersburg to arrange by amicable negotiation the respective rights and interests of the two nations on the northwest coast of this continent. A similar proposal has been made by His Imperial Majesty to the Government of Great Britain, which has likewise been acceded to. The Government of the United States has been desirous by this friendly proceeding of manifesting the great value which they have invariably attached to the friendship of the Emperor and their solicitude to cultivate the best understanding with his Government. In the discussions to which this interest has given rise and in the arrangements by which they may terminate the occasion has been judged proper for asserting, as a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved, that the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. . .
It was stated at the commencement of the last session that a great effort was then making in Spain and Portugal to improve the condition of the people of those countries, and that it appeared to be conducted with extraordinary moderation. It need scarcely be remarked that the results have been so far very different from what was then anticipated. Of events in that quarter of the globe, with which we have so much intercourse and from which we derive our origin, we have always been anxious and interested spectators. The citizens of the United States cherish sentiments the most friendly in favor of the liberty and happiness of their fellow-men on that side of the Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers in matters relating to themselves we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with our policy to do so. It is only when our rights are invaded or seriously menaced that we resent injuries or make preparation for our defense. With the movements in this hemisphere we are of necessity more immediately connected, and by causes which must be obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers. The political system of the allied powers is essentially different in this respect from that of America. This difference proceeds from that which exists in their respective Governments; and to the defense of our own, which has been achieved by the loss of so much blood and treasure, and matured by the wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under which we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this whole nation is devoted. We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States. In the war between those new Governments and Spain we declared our neutrality at the time of their recognition, and to this we have adhered, and shall continue to adhere, provided no change shall occur which, in the judgement of the competent authorities of this Government, shall make a corresponding change on the part of the United States indispensable to their security.
The late events in Spain and Portugal shew that Europe is still unsettled. Of this important fact no stronger proof can be adduced than that the allied powers should have thought it proper, on any principle satisfactory to themselves, to have interposed by force in the internal concerns of Spain. To what extent such interposition may be carried, on the same principle, is a question in which all independent powers whose governments differ from theirs are interested, even those most remote, and surely none of them more so than the United States. Our policy in regard to Europe, which was adopted at an early stage of the wars which have so long agitated that quarter of the globe, nevertheless remains the same, which is, not to interfere in the internal concerns of any of its powers; to consider the government de facto as the legitimate government for us; to cultivate friendly relations with it, and to preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims of every power, submitting to injuries from none. But in regard to those continents circumstances are eminently and conspicuously different.
It is impossible that the allied powers should extend their political system to any portion of either continent without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible, therefore, that we should behold such interposition in any form with indifference. If we look to the comparative strength and resources of Spain and those new Governments, and their distance from each other, it must be obvious that she can never subdue them. It is still the true policy of the United States to leave the parties to themselves, in hope that other powers will pursue the same course. . . .
Message of President James Monroe at the commencement of the first session of the 18th Congress (The Monroe Doctrine)
[The Monroe Doctrine commences on page 31 and ends on page 32 of Monroe’s December 2, 1823 message.]
Roosevelt Corollary (1904)
The Roosevelt Corollary (an extension of the Monroe Doctrine) was stated in President Theodore Roosevelt’s Annual Message to Congress on December 6, 1904 (sometimes referenced as his Fourth Annual Message). The famous “international police power” paragraph is the key part.
Theodore Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1905)
In his annual messages to Congress in 1904 and 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt expanded the Monroe Doctrine. The corollary stated that not only were the nations of the Western Hemisphere not open to colonization by European powers, but that the United States had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries.
European intervention in Latin America (see the Platt Amendment) resurfaced as an issue in U.S. foreign policy when European governments began to use force to pressure several Latin American countries to repay their debts. For example, British, German, and Italian gunboats blockaded Venezuela’s ports in 1902 when the Venezuelan government defaulted on its debts to foreign bondholders. Many Americans worried that European intervention in Latin America would undermine their country’s traditional dominance in the region.
To keep other powers out and ensure financial solvency, President Theodore Roosevelt issued his corollary. “Chronic wrongdoing…may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation,” he announced in his annual message to Congress in December 1904, “and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.”
Roosevelt tied his policy to the Monroe Doctrine, and it was also consistent with his foreign policy of “walk softly, but carry a big stick.” Roosevelt stated that in keeping with the Monroe Doctrine, the United States was justified in exercising “international police power” to put an end to chronic unrest or wrongdoing in the Western Hemisphere.
This so-called Roosevelt Corollary—a corollary is an extension of a previous idea—to the Monroe Doctrine contained a great irony. The Monroe Doctrine had been sought to prevent European intervention in the Western Hemisphere, but now the Roosevelt Corollary justified American intervention throughout the Western Hemisphere. In 1934, Franklin D. Roosevelt renounced interventionism and established his Good Neighbor policy within the Western Hemisphere.
Roosevelt Corollary (1904) .pdf (relevant text highlighted in green about page 28)
More information https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/roosevelt-and-monroe-doctrine
Abraham Accord
(updating)
Declaration of Independence
(adopted July 4, 1776)
Note: The following text is a transcription of the Stone Engraving of the parchment Declaration of Independence (the document on display in the Rotunda at the National Archives Museum.) The spelling and punctuation reflects the original.
In Congress, July 4, 1776
The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.–That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, –That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.–Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.
He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.
He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harrass our people, and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences:
For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:
For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:
For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us.
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.
He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.
In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our Brittish brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.
We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
[Signed by] JOHN HANCOCK [President]
Massachusetts
Declaration of Independence .pdf